eNRMM - regulatory opportunities for extensive electrification in mobile machinery and equipment, recreational craft, and powered two-wheelers : final report / by Christoph Heidt, Dominik Räder, Hinrich Helms, Esther Kummetz (Institute for Energy and Environmental Research Heidelberg gGmbH (ifeu), Heidelberg), Konstantin Weller, Johann Friedrich Absenger (FVT mbH, Graz), Stephan Schmidt, Hans-Jürgen Schacht (Graz University of Technology, Graz), Eamonn Mulholland, Felipe Rodriguez, Lingzhi Jin (ICCT, Berlin) ; on behalf of the German Environment Agency ; edited by: Section I 2.2 Pollution Abatement and Energy Saving in Transport - Helge Jahn

Abstract

Many small and medium-sized non-road mobile machines (NRMM) can be electrified by 2050 from a technical standpoint. For large machines with high power requirements, however, limitations remain. The study therefore recommends a combination of electrification, targeted regulatory incentives, and the use of renewable fuels for applications that are difficult to electrify. Specific regulatory options under discussion include phased zero-emission quotas (ZEV mandates) and flexible credit systems.